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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kualtam | om kualt |
| 2SG: | kualtat | ot kualt |
| 3SG: | kualteš | ok/ogeš kualt |
| 1PL: | kualtə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kualt |
| 2PL: | kualtə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kualt |
| 3PL: | kualtə̑t | ogə̑t kualt |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kualtə̑m | šə̑m kualt |
| 2SG: | kualtə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kualt |
| 3SG: | kualte | ə̑š kualt |
| 1PL: | kualtna | ə̑šna kualt |
| 2PL: | kualtda | ə̑šda kualt |
| 3PL: | kualtə̑č́ | ə̑št kualt |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kualtə̑nam | kualtə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kualtə̑nat | kualtə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kualtə̑n | kualtə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kualtə̑nna | kualtə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kualtə̑nda | kualtə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kualtə̑nə̑t | kualtə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kualtam ə̑l'e | om kualt ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kualtat ə̑l'e | ot kualt ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kualteš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kualt ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kualtə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kualt ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kualtə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kualt ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kualtə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kualt ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kualtam ulmaš | om kualt ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kualtat ulmaš | ot kualt ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kualteš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kualt ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kualtə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kualt ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kualtə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kualt ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kualtə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kualt ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kualtə̑nam ə̑l'e | kualtə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kualtə̑nat ə̑l'e | kualtə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kualtə̑n ə̑l'e | kualtə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kualtə̑nna ə̑l'e | kualtə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kualtə̑nda ə̑l'e | kualtə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kualtə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kualtə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kualtə̑nam ulmaš | kualtə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kualtə̑nat ulmaš | kualtə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kualtə̑n ulmaš | kualtə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kualtə̑nna ulmaš | kualtə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kualtə̑nda ulmaš | kualtə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kualtə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kualtə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kualt | it kualt |
| 3SG: | kualtše | ə̑nže kualt |
| 1PL: | (kualtə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kualt) |
| 2PL: | kualtsa | ida kualt |
| 3PL: | kualtə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kualt |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kualtnem | ə̑nem kualt |
| 2SG: | kualtnet | ə̑net kualt |
| 3SG: | kualtneže | ə̑než kualt |
| 1PL: | kualtnena | ə̑nena kualt |
| 2PL: | kualtneda | ə̑neda kualt |
| 3PL: | kualtnešt | ə̑nešt kualt |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kualtnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kualt ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kualtnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kualt ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kualtneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kualt ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kualtnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kualt ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kualtneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kualt ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kualtnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kualt ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kualtnet ulmaš | ə̑net kualt ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kualtneže ulmaš | ə̑než kualt ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kualtneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kualt ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kualtnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kualt ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kualtaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kualtman |
| Active participle: | kualtše |
| Passive participle: | kualtme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kualtšaš |
| Negative participle: | kualtdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kualtə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kualtde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kualtmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kualtmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kualtšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kualtmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kualtdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||